Antidiabetic Evaluation of Leaf Extracts of Naringi crenulata (Roxb.) Nicolson

Author(s)

Mekap, S.K., Sahoo, S., Satapathy, K.B., Mishra, S.K.

Author's Affiliation

Abstract

Naringi crenulata (Roxb.) Nicolson belongs to family Rutaceae is a widespread species of the genus-Naringi. It is commonly known as ‘Bilvaparni’ in Sanskrit and ‘Benta’ in Odia. The root extract is used in vomiting, dysentery and colic disorders. Fruit decoction is used as an antidote to insect poison. The bark juice is applied externally for getting speedy relief in sprain. The methanol extract is reported to have significant anthelmintic activity and ethanol extracts of leaf and bark showed anticancer, hepatoprotective, aphrodisiac, anti-inflammatory activities. N. crenulata leaves were collected from Talabira forest region in Sambalpur district, Odisha, in the month of February-March and extracted successively with petroleum ether (60-80⁰ C) and methanol. Preliminary phytochemical screening of extracts indicated the presence of steroids, triterpenoids in petroleum ether extract and alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, triterpenoids, steroids and glycosides in methanol extract. The methanol extract of N. crenulata was fractionated by column chromatography using a glass column packed with silica gel (100-200 mesh) and developed by gradient elution with n-hexane and combination of n-hexane : ethyl acetate in the increasing order of polarity (10%, 20% ethyl acetate in n-hexane) which resulted in the fractions NCMF-1, NCMF-2 and NCMF-3, respectively. The antihyperglycaemic activity was evaluated in normal, glucose-loaded and Streptozotocin-induced hyperglycaemic rats (single and multi dose treatment). In normoglycaemic rats, the test extracts showed progressive fall of blood glucose level till the end of 8 h. In glucose-loaded animals (OGTT), reduction in blood glucose level was observed after 60 minutes of administration of the test substances. The maximum reduction was observed at 4 h with methanol extract exhibiting maximum improvement in glucose tolerance. The extracts produced significant decrease in the blood glucose level in streptozotocin-induced hyperglycaemic rats when compared with the diabetic control group in the single dose treatment study at the tested dose level of 400 mg/kg of body weight. In multi-dose treated hyperglycaemic rats, both the extracts and fractions showed various degree of blood glucose reduction, among which NCMF-3 exhibited highest percentage of reduction in blood glucose level. Continuous administration of extracts and fractions for 14 days leads to significant decrease in serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and VLDL levels, while increase in total protein and HDL levels was recorded. The in vitro study showed an increased utilization of the glucose by α-amylase inhibition assay in presence of methanol extract which suggests that the test extract may inhibit the digestion and absorption of glucose through intestine. These findings suggest that the plant may be a potential source for the development of new oral antihyperglycaemic agent.

Keywords

Naringi crenulata, Extract, Fraction, Antidiabetic, Streptozotocin, α- Amylase

Cite This Article

Mekap, S.K., Sahoo, S., Satapathy, K.B., Mishra, S.K. (2016). Antidiabetic Evaluation of Leaf Extracts of Naringi crenulata (Roxb.) Nicolson, International Journal for Pharmaceutical Research Scholars (IJPRS), 5(2), 218-232.